Obstetrics And Gynaecology

Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea is a menstrual condition characterized by absent menstrual periods for more than threemonthly menstrual cycles.

Breast Infections and Inflammations

The most common type of breast infection is Lactational Mastitis which causes a woman’s nipples tobecome cracked and sore when she is breastfeeding. Non-lactational mastitis is similar to lactationalmastitis but occurs in non-lactating women.

Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)

Candidiasis, sometimes called moniliasis or a yeast infection, is an infection caused by yeast on the skinand/or mucous membranes.

Cervical Cancer

If abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix spread deeper into the cervix or to other tissues or organs,the disease is then called cervical cancer or invasive cervical cancer.

Cervicitis

A painful irritation of the cervix, cervicitis often lasts several months or longer sometimes occurring afterchildbirth or use of oral contraceptives.

Chronic Pain

Chronic pain is long-standing pain that persists beyond the usual recovery period or occurs along with achronic health condition such as arthritis.

Cystocele (Fallen Bladder)

Cystocele is the name for a hernia-like disorder in women that occurs when the wall between thebladder and the vagina weakens causing the bladder to drop or sag into the vagina.

Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes may also be known by a variety of other names, like insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM), juvenile diabetes, brittle diabetes, or sugar diabetes.

Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea is a menstrual condition characterised by severe and frequent menstrual cramps andpain associated with menstruation.

Endometrial Cancer

Cancer of the endometrium, the most common cancer of the female reproductive organs is a disease inwhich malignant (cancerous) cells are found in the endometrium. Endometrioid cancer is a specific typeof endometrial cancer.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition involving abnormal buildup of tissue often causingpain or infertility.

Fibrocystic Breast Changes

Generalized breast lumpiness is known by names such as fibrocystic disease and fibroid breasts. Doctorsnow believe these are just part of the normal breast changes many women undergo throughout thevarious stages of their lives.

Flat or Inverted Nipples

An effective breastfeeding baby usually has little trouble breastfeeding even if his/her mother's nipplesappear to be flatter. A less effective breastfeeder may need some time to figure out how he/she candraw the nipple into the mouth with latch-on.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a condition in which the glucose level is elevated and other diabetic symptomsappear during pregnancy in a woman who has not previously been diagnosed with diabetes.

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are blood vessels, normally present in and around the anus and lower rectum that becomeswollen due to stretching under pressure.

Hypothyroidism and Pregnancy

Hypothyroidism is a condition marked by an underactive thyroid gland and may occur during pregnancy.

Ineffective Latch-On or Sucking

This condition occurs when a baby cannot effectively remove milk from the breast during breastfeeding,resulting in poor weight gain by the infant and reduced milk production by the mother.

Infertility

Infertility is defined as the disease of the reproductive system that impairs the body's ability to performthe basic function of reproduction.

Insufficient or Delayed Milk Production

Most mothers worry at some point that they do not have enough milk. A delay in the time when milkcomes in sometimes occurs in mothers dealing with certain health conditions.

Mastalgia (Breast Pain)

Mastalgia is breast pain and is generally classified as either cyclical (associated with menstrual periods)or noncyclic.

Mastitis

Mastitis is often used interchangeably with the term breast infection but mastitis may also be due to aninflammation. Often a reddened area is noted on the breast.

Medical Conditions and Pregnancy

Certain medical conditions may complicate a pregnancy. However, with proper medical care, mostwomen can enjoy a healthy pregnancy, despite their medical challenges.

Menopause

Menopause refers to the time in a woman’s life when the menstrual cycle stops permanently. It is anormal and natural event that occurs in all women.

Menorrhagia

Menorrhagia is the most common type of abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by heavy andprolonged menstrual bleeding.

Multiple Pregnancy

Multiple pregnancy involves more than one fetus. Twins, triplets, quadruplets, and so on, are examplesof multiple pregnancy.

Nipple Problems and Discharge

Nipple conditions are a common benign breast condition affecting many women. Some problems arerelated to lactation, while others are not. Like all breast conditions, any nipple problems should bereported to your physician for a prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis, or porous bone, is a disease in which there is a loss of bone mass and destruction of bonetissue, causing weakening of the bones in the hips, spine and wrists.

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a disease in which malignant cells are found in an ovary.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Caused by a certain type of bacteria, pelvic inflammatory disease results in pelvic pain and the possibilityof an ectopic pregnancy (a fertilized egg becoming implanted outside the uterus).

Pelvic Pain

Pelvic pain may originate in genital or extragenital organs in and around the pelvis, or it may bepsychological, which can make pain feel worse or actually cause a sensation of pain, when no physicalproblem is present.

Perimenopause

Perimenopause refers to the transitional period of time before menstruation actually stops, which ismarked by changes in the menstrual cycle, along with other physical and emotional symptoms.

Plugged Milk Ducts

A plugged duct feels like a tender lump in the breast.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovarian syndrome involves two of the following - lack of ovulation for an extended period oftime, high levels of male hormones or small ovarian cysts.

Postpartum Thyroiditis

One particular postpartum complication is postpartum thyroiditis, a condition characterized by aninflamed thyroid gland.

Pregnancy

A pregnancy is divided into three phases called trimesters. Each trimester has its own significantmilestones.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

A much more severe form of the collective symptoms known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS),premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a chronic medical condition that requires attention andtreatment.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Most women experience some unpleasant or uncomfortable symptoms during their menstrual cycle.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Sexually transmitted diseases are infectious diseases transmitted through sexual contact.

Sore Nipples

Sore nipples are probably the most common difficulty mothers have when breastfeeding.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Multiple Pregnancy

Symptoms of multiple pregnancy may include: uterus is larger than expected for the dates in pregnancy,increased morning sickness, increased appetite, excessive weight gain - especially in early pregnancy, orfetal movements felt in different parts of abdomen at same time.

Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary tract infections describe a health problem that results from a bacterial infection along theurinary tract.

Uterine Cancer

Cancers that occur in each part of the uterus have their own names, such as cervical cancer orendometrial cancer, but are sometimes broadly defined as uterine cancer because the structure is partof the uterus.

Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids are the most frequently seen tumors of the female reproductive system.

Vaginal Cancer

Cancer of the vagina, a rare kind of cancer in women, is a disease in which malignant cells are found inthe tissues of the vagina.

Vaginitis

Vaginitis refers to any inflammation or infection of the vagina.

Vulvar Cancer

Vulvar cancer is a malignancy that can occur on any part of the external organs, but most often affectsthe labia majora or labia minora.

Vulvitis

Vulvitis is simply an inflammation of the vulva, the soft folds of skin outside the vagina.

Vulvovaginal Atrophy

Vulvovaginal atrophy refers to a condition when a woman develops pain, dryness, itching and irritationof the vagina and vulva caused by low estrogen levels, usually as a result of menopause.