What is Chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses powerful drugs to destroy or slow the growth of cancer cells. Since cancer cells grow and divide more quickly than most healthy cells, chemotherapy is an effective cancer treatment for targeting them. Chemotherapy may be used:
Before the surgery to shrink tumours (neoadjuvant therapy)
After the surgery to kill remaining cancer cells (adjuvant therapy)
As the primary treatment in advanced cancers
Alongside other therapies, like radiation therapy or targeted drugs
While chemotherapy can be highly effective, in some patients, it can also affect healthy cells, especially those that divide rapidly, like hair, blood, and digestive cells. This usually results in side effects, which vary from person to person.
Why do Side Effects of Chemotherapy Occur?
Chemotherapy works by targeting rapidly dividing cells, a trait that defines how cancer grows and spreads. However, the body also has healthy cells that naturally divide quickly, such as those in the hair follicles, digestive tract, bone marrow, and skin. Since chemotherapy cannot always distinguish between cancerous and healthy fast-growing cells, it affects both. This is one of the primary reasons for the side effects of chemotherapy.
For example, when chemotherapy impacts hair follicle cells, it can lead to hair loss. Damage to cells in the mouth and digestive system may result in mouth sores, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea. When bone marrow cells are affected, it can lower your immune response, cause anaemia, or increase bruising and bleeding. Some people may also notice changes in their skin, nails, or fertility due to the impact on skin and reproductive cells.
The severity and type of side effects vary from person to person. Factors such as the type and dosage of chemotherapy, the duration of treatment, patient’s age, general health, and genetic makeup can influence how the body reacts.
Recent advancements in the medical industry have made it possible to predict, manage, and minimize many of these side effects. Artemis Hospitals, Gurugram, offers personalised evaluation of symptoms due to chemotherapy side effects to ensure people continue their treatment plan while maintaining a good quality of life.
When to Consult the Oncologist For Chemotherapy Side Effects?
While many chemotherapy side effects are manageable at home, it’s essential to know when symptoms could indicate something more serious. Prompt medical attention can prevent complications and ensure your treatment stays on track. Get in touch with an oncologist if you experience the following:
Fever above 100.4°F (38°C): This may be a sign of infection, which is serious during chemotherapy due to lowered immunity.
Uncontrolled vomiting or diarrhoea: Can lead to dehydration, nutrient loss, and treatment interruptions.
Shortness of breath or chest pain: May signal a blood clot or heart-related issue and should not be ignored.
Unusual bleeding or bruising: This could indicate low platelet count (a common chemo effect).
Severe fatigue or confusion: Especially if it comes on suddenly or worsens over time.
Persistent pain: Particularly headaches, bone pain, and abdominal pain or discomfort that doesn't respond to basic remedies.
Notify your doctor of the following symptoms, in case of the following:
You can’t eat or drink normally for more than 24 hours.
You experience severe mouth sores or throat pain that make swallowing difficult.
Skin reactions (rashes, peeling, blisters) worsen or spread.
Your mental health is significantly impacted (e.g., anxiety, panic attacks, suicidal thoughts).
List of Common Chemotherapy Side Effects
Chemotherapy side effects happen because while the treatment targets fast-growing cancer cells, it can also affect healthy cells in the body that divide quickly. The severity and type of side effects can vary depending on the chemotherapy type, dosage, and the individual’s overall health.
Some of the most common physical side effects include fatigue, which can be overwhelming and persistent due to the body’s effort to heal and fight cancer. Nausea and vomiting often occur but can usually be managed with medication. Many patients experience hair loss, which is temporary but emotionally challenging.
Other physical effects include mouth sores, digestive issues like constipation or diarrhoea, changes in appetite, skin and nail changes, and anaemia (low red blood cells), which may cause weakness and dizziness.
Emotional and Cognitive Effects
Cancer treatment is not only physical; it can affect mental health too. Patients often report feelings of anxiety and depression during chemotherapy. “Chemo brain” refers to cognitive changes, including memory lapses, difficulty concentrating, or slowed thinking, which can be frustrating but often improve after treatment concludes.
Some side effects may last beyond treatment or appear later. These include fertility issues for both men and women, and in some cases, damage to organs like the heart, kidneys, or nerves, depending on the chemotherapy type used. It’s important to discuss these risks with an oncologist to plan appropriate monitoring and support.
How to Manage Chemotherapy Side Effects?
Chemotherapy may present rare but manageable side effects. The key to controlling symptoms associated with the chemotherapy side effects involves the right approach, comprehensive analysis, and prompt medical support. There are several underlying symptoms that can affect the lifestyle and reduce the quality of life during the treatment. Here are some common side effects and different ways to manage them:
Fatigue is one of the most reported side effects of chemotherapy. It’s caused by a combination of factors, including low red blood cell counts, treatment stress, and changes in metabolism. To manage it, patients are advised to rest when needed, but also try to stay lightly active through short walks or stretching. Eating well, staying hydrated, and checking for treatable causes like anaemia with your doctor can help improve energy levels.
Nausea and vomiting are triggered by certain chemotherapy drugs and can significantly affect appetite and daily comfort. These symptoms can usually be controlled with anti-nausea medications prescribed by your oncologist. In addition, ginger tea, peppermint, and bland foods like crackers or toast can soothe the stomach. Avoiding strong smells, greasy, or spicy foods can also reduce discomfort.
Hair loss occurs because chemotherapy targets hair follicles, which are among the fastest-growing cells in the body. While not all chemotherapy causes hair loss, it can be emotionally difficult when it does. Using mild shampoos, avoiding heat styling, and opting for scalp cooling systems (cold caps) may help reduce hair thinning. Many patients also choose to use wigs, scarves, or hats to feel more comfortable.
Mouth sores (mucositis) result from damage to the sensitive lining of the mouth and throat. This can make eating, drinking, or talking painful. To manage this, rinse your mouth frequently with saltwater or a baking soda solution, use a soft toothbrush, and avoid irritating foods. Medicated mouth rinses may be prescribed for pain relief.
Digestive Issues (Constipation/Diarrhoea)
Constipation can occur as a side effect of certain chemotherapy drugs or pain medications. Increasing fibre intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, staying active, and drinking warm fluids can help. If symptoms persist, talk to your doctor about stool softeners or laxatives.
Diarrhoea, on the other hand, may be caused by damage to the lining of the intestines. Managing it involves switching to a bland, low-fibre diet (like bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast), avoiding dairy and spicy foods, and staying well-hydrated with water or electrolyte drinks. Persistent diarrhoea should be reported to your medical team, as it can lead to dehydration and complications.
Loss of appetite is another common challenge due to nausea, changes in taste, or emotional stress. Rather than forcing large meals, patients are encouraged to eat small, frequent, nutrient-rich meals throughout the day. Smoothies, soups, protein-rich snacks, and nutritional shakes can help maintain energy and weight. Eating favourite foods, even in small amounts, can provide comfort and nourishment.
Chemo Brain (Cognitive Fog)
Chemo brain or cognitive fog refers to changes in memory, concentration, and processing speed during or after treatment. This can be frustrating, but it is usually temporary. Use written lists, reminders, or apps to stay organised and manage it. Doing simple brain exercises like puzzles or reading can help, along with ensuring enough rest and limiting multitasking. Consult your doctor if cognitive changes become severe or persistent.
Weakened Immunity & Increased Infection Risk
Weakened immunity and increased infection risk are serious concerns during chemotherapy due to reduced white blood cell counts. Patients should practice good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, avoiding sick individuals, and steering clear of raw or undercooked foods. Monitoring your temperature daily is important, and any fever over 100.4°F (38°C) should be reported to a doctor immediately.
Tips for Daily Life During Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves more than just the treatment itself; it requires thoughtful care in the daily habits to support your body and mind. Making simple lifestyle adjustments, following dietary guidelines, and adopting practical dos and don’ts can help you manage side effects, protect your health, and improve your general comfort during this challenging time. From what you eat and how you rest to important precautions to keep you safe, here are some lifestyle tips that can help you through your chemotherapy procedure:
Lifestyle Modifications
Making changes to your daily routine can significantly enhance your general well-being during chemotherapy. Simple adjustments in activity, rest, and self-care help manage side effects and improve quality of life.
Fatigue is common, so balance activity with plenty of rest. Short naps and relaxation breaks help conserve energy.
Light activities like walking, stretching, or yoga can improve mood, reduce fatigue, and support digestion.
Minimise stress with calming routines such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or listening to soothing music.
Wash your hands frequently, especially before eating or after being in public spaces, to reduce infection risk.
Use gentle soaps, moisturisers, and sunscreen to care for sensitive skin affected by chemotherapy.
Dietary Restrictions
Certain foods and dietary habits can affect how your body responds to chemotherapy. Being aware of what to avoid protects you from infections and digestive discomfort, ensuring your treatment goes as smoothly as possible. Here is a chart depicting foods that you can avoid during your chemotherapy treatment:
Category | What to Avoid? | Why to Avoid It? |
Raw or Undercooked Foods | Sushi, raw eggs, unpasteurized dairy, salads with raw sprouts | High risk of bacterial infections due to weakened immune system |
Spicy or Greasy Foods | Fried items, heavily spiced dishes, fast food | Can irritate the stomach and worsen nausea or heartburn |
Strong-Smelling Foods | Foods with intense aromas (e.g., garlic, fish, reheated leftovers) | May trigger nausea and loss of appetite |
High-Sugar Foods | Sodas, candies, pastries, sweetened cereals | Can cause blood sugar spikes and contribute to fatigue |
High-Fibre Foods (when having diarrhoea) | Raw vegetables, whole grains, legumes, corn | May aggravate loose stools and worsen dehydration |
Alcohol | Wine, beer, spirits | Can interact with medications and strain the liver |
Caffeine (limit) | Coffee, energy drinks, strong teas | May worsen dehydration and affect sleep or anxiety levels |
Artemis Hospitals Offer Effective Cancer Care in Gurgaon by Top Oncologists
Artemis Hospitals has a team of highly experienced oncologists, surgeons, and cancer care specialists who provide personalised treatment experience. Leveraging cutting-edge technology and a multidisciplinary approach, oncologists at Artemis Hospitals offer a high success rate.
Expert Oncologists & Cancer Specialists
The hospital is home to renowned medical, surgical, and radiation oncologists with expertise in treating early-stage, complex, and advanced cancers. Their patient-focused approach ensures precise diagnosis and effective treatment planning.
Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Approach
Cancer treatment at Artemis Hospital is planned through a Tumour Board, where oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, and specialised cancer surgeons collaborate to provide holistic and customised treatment plans for each patient.
State-of-the-Art Diagnostic & Treatment Facilities
Equipped with high-end PET-CT, MRI, molecular diagnostics, and genetic testing, Artemis Hospital ensures early detection and accurate cancer staging, leading to targeted and minimally invasive treatments.
Advanced Surgical & Radiation Therapies
The hospital offers robotic-assisted cancer surgeries, minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures, and high-precision radiation therapies (IMRT, IGRT, and SRS) for effective tumour control with minimal side effects.
Patient-Centric Cancer Care
A dedicated support team provides nutritional guidance, psychological counselling, and rehabilitation programs to help patients recover physically and emotionally. The hospital also offers palliative care services to enhance the quality of life for patients with advanced cancer.
Innovation & Research-Driven Treatments
Artemis Hospital actively adopts new advancements in oncology, including clinical trials, immunotherapy innovations, and precision oncology, ensuring that patients receive the most effective and research-backed cancer treatments.
With expert oncologists, world-class technology, and a patient-first approach, Artemis Hospital is a leading cancer hospital in Gurgaon, committed to delivering excellence in oncology care.
To book an appointment with an oncology specialist at Artemis Hospital, call our customer care at +91-124-451-1111 or WhatsApp us at +91 9800400498. Appointments can also be scheduled through the online patient portal or by downloading the Artemis Personal Health Record mobile app, available on both iOS and Android devices.
Article By Dr. Priya Tiwari
Head - Medical Oncology
Artemis Hospital
Frequently Asked Questions
What is chemotherapy, and how does it work?
Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill fast-growing cancer cells. It works by interfering with the cell division process, stopping or slowing cancer spread.
What are the most common side effects of chemotherapy?
Common side effects of chemotherapy include fatigue, nausea, hair loss, mouth sores, and appetite loss. These can vary depending on the drug and individual health conditions.
How long does a chemotherapy session take?
A single chemotherapy session can last anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours, depending on the drug and method of administration. Some regimens are done over multiple days or weeks.
Can I continue working during chemotherapy?
Many people continue working during treatment, but you may need to adjust your schedule. It depends on how your body reacts to chemotherapy and the type of work you do.
What should I eat during chemotherapy?
Eat small, frequent meals with high-protein, high-calorie options like smoothies, eggs, and soft fruits. Avoid spicy, greasy, or raw foods if you're feeling nauseous or your immunity is low.
Where can I find chemotherapy treatment near me?
If you're looking for advanced chemotherapy treatment near you, Artemis Hospitals in Gurugram offers comprehensive cancer care with expert oncologists, advanced technology, and personalized treatment plans.
How do I manage chemotherapy side effects at home?
Stay hydrated, get enough rest, eat well, and communicate regularly with your doctor. Your care team can help with medications and tips to manage specific symptoms.
Are there any top-rated cancer hospitals near me for chemotherapy?
Yes, Artemis Hospitals, Gurugram, is a leading cancer care centre offering state-of-the-art chemotherapy, precision diagnostics, and a multidisciplinary team approach to ensure the best outcomes.
